暖通空調系統設計中幾個問題的探討
信息來源：中(zhong)國科技博覽
摘要(yao)(yao)：隨著人們生活(huo)水平的提高(gao)，暖(nuan)(nuan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)空(kong)調越來(lai)越受(shou)到青睞，其設(she)計(ji)(ji)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)也就成了(le)倍受(shou)關注的問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。本文對暖(nuan)(nuan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)空(kong)調設(she)計(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)存在(zai)的一(yi)(yi)些常見問(wen)(wen)題(ti)進行(xing)了(le)分(fen)析探討。暖(nuan)(nuan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)空(kong)調安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)工(gong)程(cheng)是建筑工(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)個重要(yao)(yao)的分(fen)部(bu)工(gong)程(cheng)，暖(nuan)(nuan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)空(kong)調安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)應嚴格按規(gui)范和驗(yan)評標準要(yao)(yao)求，采用必要(yao)(yao)的技術(shu)手段和安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)藝，對各分(fen)項、系統進行(xing)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)和調試，經過試運行(xing)考核是否能滿(man)足預期的功(gong)能需(xu)要(yao)(yao)。目前，暖(nuan)(nuan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)空(kong)調安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)存在(zai)一(yi)(yi)些問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。
1暖(nuan)通空調系統的(de)概述
一般(ban)“空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)”包括制冷供曖系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，新風系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，排風(排油(you)煙)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)等的(de)綜(zong)合設計。所以(yi)說(shuo)“暖通 從功能上說(shuo)是(shi)(shi)建筑的(de)一個組成(cheng)部(bu)分 從建筑設計來說(shuo)，他(ta)是(shi)(shi)建筑設計的(de)一個分項。并不(bu)是(shi)(shi)單指“空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)”。需要(yao)說(shuo)明(ming)的(de)一點(dian)是(shi)(shi)：“空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao) 在一個建筑中(zhong)可能是(shi)(shi)“中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong) ，也可能是(shi)(shi)“中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)與獨立空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)混合系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong) ，也可能全(quan)部(bu)是(shi)(shi)“獨立空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)”。一切(qie)根據建筑的(de)功能以(yi)及投資者的(de)意向和實際需要(yao)而定。
暖通(tong)空(kong)調(diao)安裝(zhuang)設(she)計工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)是建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中一(yi)個(ge)重要(yao)的分部工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，暖通(tong)空(kong)調(diao)安裝(zhuang)設(she)計應嚴格按(an)規(gui)范(fan)和(he)驗(yan)評(ping)標(biao)準要(yao)求，采用(yong)必要(yao)的技術手段(duan)和(he)安裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)藝，對各(ge)分項、系統進行安裝(zhuang)和(he)調(diao)試(shi)，經(jing)過試(shi)運行考核是否能滿足預期的功能需要(yao)。目前，暖通(tong)空(kong)調(diao)安裝(zhuang)設(she)計存(cun)在一(yi)些問題。
2現階段曩(nang)曩(nang)空調工程設計中(zhong)存在的問(wen)蕊
l、供暖(nuan)入口(kou)設(she)置過(guo)多設(she)置供暖(nuan)人口(kou)時，既要(yao)考慮室(shi)內供暖(nuan)系統(tong)的合理(li)性(xing)，又要(yao)考慮與室(shi)外(wai)(wai)管線銜接的合理(li)性(xing)，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)只圖室(shi)內系統(tong)設(she)計方便、省事，而不(bu)(bu)顧及室(shi)外(wai)(wai)管網系統(tong)。然而，有的工(gong)程(cheng)供暖(nuan)入口(kou)設(she)置過(guo)多。不(bu)(bu)僅給外(wai)(wai)線施工(gong)造成麻煩，也(ye)給將來室(shi)內系統(tong)調(diao)節帶來不(bu)(bu)便。
2、供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖系(xi)(xi)統設(she)計(ji)不合理(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖系(xi)(xi)統設(she)計(ji)存在不合理(li)之(zhi)處：①有(you)的(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖系(xi)(xi)統由l條主立(干(gan))管(guan)(guan)引進，分幾個環路，分環上(shang)不設(she)閥(fa)門，給(gei)系(xi)(xi)統運行調節、維(wei)修管(guan)(guan)理(li)造成不便(bian)。@有(you)的(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)布置(zhi)不合理(li)，與(yu)建筑專(zhuan)業不易協調，或供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖立管(guan)(guan)直接立在窗子(zi)上(shang)，既(ji)影響使(shi)用(yong)，又不雅觀，或者供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖水平管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)敷設(she)在通道(dao)(dao)的(de)地(di)面上(shang)，既(ji)影響行走，又不便(bian)物(wu)品(pin)放(fang)置(zhi)。③有(you)的(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)、回水干(gan)管(guan)(guan)高點漏(lou)設(she)排氣裝置(zhi)，一旦集氣，難以排除，影響系(xi)(xi)統使(shi)用(yong)。④有(you)的(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖系(xi)(xi)統為(wei)(wei)同程式，一個環路單(dan)程長300 m，致(zhi)使(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)、回水干(gan)管(guan)(guan)坡度很難達到規范規定(ding)的(de)不小于0.002的(de)要求(qiu)。⑤有(you)的(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖系(xi)(xi)統為(wei)(wei)雙側連接，兩(liang)(liang)側熱負荷及散熱器數量相差懸殊(shu)，而兩(liang)(liang)則散熱器供(gong)(gong)(gong)、回水支管(guan)(guan)卻(que)取用(yong)相同管(guan)(guan)徑，兩(liang)(liang)側水力不平衡(heng)，難以按設(she)計(ji)流量進行分配。
3、排(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)系統(tong)設計不合理如某工(gong)程(cheng)地下室(shi)(shi)的暗(an)廁(衛生問)等若干(gan)(gan)個(ge)生活用(yong)房(fang)和設備用(yong)房(fang)設～排(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)系統(tong)，水平(ping)風(feng)(feng)(feng)管長60m，斷面只有(you)200mm ×200mm，風(feng)(feng)(feng)阻較大(da);選(xuan)用(yong)屋頂(ding)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機排(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)，卻將風(feng)(feng)(feng)機安裝在外墻上，顯得很不協(xie)調(diao)。還有(you)的工(gong)程(cheng)的地下室(shi)(shi)設若干(gan)(gan)個(ge)包(bao)聞(wen)(均(jun)為(wei)暗(an)房(fang))，各包(bao)間均(jun)采用(yong)吊(diao)頂(ding)排(pai)(pai)氣扇，排(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)經數十米長的水平(ping)風(feng)(feng)(feng)管排(pai)(pai)出(chu)室(shi)(shi)外，風(feng)(feng)(feng)管斷面僅有(you)150 mm ×l50 mm，阻力大(da)，排(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)效果差(cha)。 |
